ifaynsh | 20 псевдоисламских изобретений

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Paul Vallely — How Islamic inventors changed the world — The Independent, March 11, 2006.
Wikipedia search term: «How Islamic inventors changed the world» — Results: Inventions in medieval Islam, Timeline of historic inventions, Al-Jazari, Combination lock, Cheque, Islamic Golden Age, Al-Andalus, Science in medieval Islam, Medicine in medieval Islam, Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam, List of Muslim scientists, Paul Vallely, Pinhole camera, Timeline of science and engineering in the Islamic world, Inoculation, Ink, Timeline of medicine and medical technology, Science in the Middle Ages, History of medicine, History of technology, List of persons considered father or mother of a field, Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Arab contributions to science. Retrieved December 24, 2009
Lake Tana Monastery Island Coffee — Ethiopia — Sea Island Coffee
Jon Grepstad — Pinhole Photography — Photo.net, first published 1996, last updated December 18, 2003
Michael Quinion — CAMERA/?k?m?r? — World Wide Words, November 15, 1997
Lynn H. Nelson — Latin Word List — University of Kansas, June 18, 1997
Ancient chess history unearthed — BBC News, July 27, 2002
«Buraida reported on the authority of his father that Allah’s Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: He who played chess is like one who dyed his hand with the flesh and blood of swine.» — Sahih Muslim 28:5612
«Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umar that when he found one of his family playing dice he beat him and destroyed the dice. Yahya said that he heard Malik say, «There is no good in chess, and he disapproved of it.» Yahya said, «I heard him disapprove of playing it and other worthless games. He recited this ayat, ‘What is there after the truth except going the wrong way.’ » (Sura l0 ayat 32).» — Al-Muwatta 52 2.7
The Genius of China, 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery and Invention written by Robert K.G.Temple and published by Simon and Schuster, 1986. Currently out-of-print
Encyclopedia Brittanica, 2004
Oracle Bones, Stars, and Wheelbarrows, Ancient Chinese Science and Technology by Frank Ross,Jr., Houghton Miffin Company, New York, 1982
Early History of Flight — Hero and the Aeolipile — About.com: Inventors
The Travels of Dean Mahomet – University of California press, ISBN 9780520207172
Deen Mahomed (1759–1851): soldier, writer, businessman — The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Tracing Your Roots > South Asian > Tracing South Asian Roots: Dean Mahomed Shampooing Surgeon in Brighton — Moving Here
Barbara F. McManus — Roman Baths and Bathing — The College of New Rochelle, revised July, 2003
Soaps & Detergent: History — The American Cleaning Institute, Washington, DC
R. Talon, La Science antique et medievale, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1957, plate 16. Photo: Sir J. Needham.
Fractional Distillation — The Chemical Heritage Foundation, 2002
John Ferguson — History of distillation and essential oils — Aromatherapy Organisation Council
History of Whisky and of Distillation (I) — Celtic Whisky Compagnie
Newman, William (1985). «New Light on the Identity of Geber», Sudhoffs Archiv fuer die Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften.
Geber — The Encyclop?dia Britannica
Major Engineering Events in History: First Use of the Crank 834 A.D. — Trivia-Library, Inc.
The Invention of the Crank, The Crank Powered Bicycle — Patent Pending Blog, April 7, 2005
Science & Technology: Heron of Alexandria — The Encyclop?dia Britannica
A walk through time — Early Clocks — The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Physics Laboratory
An Ancient Greek Computer? — World-Mysteries, The Economist Newspaper Limited 2002
Michael Lahanas — The Antikythera computing device, the most complex instrument of antiquity — Hellenica
Hoepfner, Wolfram (1970), «Ein Kombinationsschloss aus dem Kerameikos», Archaologischer Anzeiger 85 (2): 210–213
The Beauty of Ancient Chinese Locks — The Ancient Chinese Machinery Cultural Foundation
Schlage’s History of Locks/ Inventive Ingenuity — Schlage Lock
Averil Colby — Quilting — Macmillan Pub Co, 1979, ISBN 9780684160580
^35.0 ^35.1 Julie Johnson — History of Quilting — Emporia State University
Chen Lin — Male mummy found in Xinjiang — china.org.cn, September 20, 2007
Roman Art and Architecture — MSN Encarta
arch — The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 2007, Columbia University Press
Holly Hayes — Hagia Sophia, Istanbul — Sacred Destinations, September 19, 2009
Jamie Humphrey and Linda Phelps — Stained Glass, Europe, Medieval — Smith College History of Science, Museum of Ancient Inventions
Vault (architecture) — The Encyclop?dia Britannica, accessed February 8, 2011
John Julius Norwich — The World Atlas of Architecture — Publisher: Crescent, pg.202, ISBN 9780517668757
Prof. Nancy Demand, Indiana University, Bloomington — The Asclepion — AbleOne Education Network, Classics Technology Center
Professor David J. Leaper — Wound Closure Basic Techniques, Scientific paper presented at EWMA Stockholm 2000— The European Wound Management Association
Janet Koenig — A Brief and Selective History of Blood — REPOhistory
The History of Cataract Surgery — LaserSurgeryForEyes
Facts about Anesthesia’s Past and Present — Word Sources
Al-Farouq Omar Ibnul— Khattab/ Omar’s Martyrdom — IslamBasics, The Online Islamic Library
History of Technology: Mills — History World
Geoffrey Ernest Maurice De Ste. Croix — The class struggle in the ancient Greek world (pg. 38) — Cornell University Press, 1989, ISBN 9780801495977
Donald Routledge Hill — A history of engineering in classical and medieval times (pg. 172) — London: Croom Helm & La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1984, ISBN 0875484220
Darrell M. Dodge — Illustrated History of Wind Power Development/ Part 1 — TelosNet Web Development
Joseph Needham — Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 6, Medicine— Cambridge University Press, 2000, pg. 134, ISBN 9780521632621
Christopher S. W. Koehler Ph.D. — Science, «society», and immunity — The American Chemical Society, MDD Vol. 4, No. 10, pp 59–60., October 2001
Dennis B. Smith — Conrad Gessner — Leadholder: The Online Drafting Pencil Museum
Daniel Schwenter — Academic dictionaries and encyclopedias
Fountain pen — Quido Magazine
Golyo a tollban — megemlekezes Biro Laszlo Jozsefrol (in Hungarian) — Hungarian Patent Office
Ballpen — The Great Idea Finder, May 5, 2006
Dirk J. Struik — A Concise History of Mathematics — Dover Publications; 4 Rev Sub edition, 1987, ISBN 9780486602554
Berat Jusufi, Jon-Fredrik Stryker, Vegard Larsen — The history of Indian numerals — Comenius Maths Project, a Europeen Education Project (EEP)
Joel Achenbach — Article: Take a Number, Please — The Washington Post, September 16, 1994
Russ Rowlett — Roman and «Arabic» Numerals — The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, March 14, 2001, updated July 14, 2004
Erich Friedman — What’s special about this number? — Stetson University
Steven Galovich — Introduction to Mathematical Structures — Harcourt Brace Javanovich, 1989, ISBN 0154534683
Paul Halmos — Naive Set Theory — Springer, 1974, ISBN 0387900926
Morris Kline — Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times — Oxford University Press, 1972
Whitehead and Russell — Principia Mathematia to *56 — Cambridge University Press, 1910
Simon Singh — The Black Chamber/ Cracking the substitution chipher — Simon Singh.net
Adam Hart Davis — Discovering Roman Technology/ Food and baths — BBC History, May 11, 2009
Roman cuisine — Wikipedia, accessed November 16, 2009
The dinner party — The Romans in Britain
A Brief History of Glass — Glass Online
Mary Bellis — The History of Glass — About.com: Inventors
Karen S. Rubinson — «Animal Style» Art & the Image of the Horse and Rider — The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies, July 24, 2004
History — The Carpet Encyclopedia
Haider, R., Carpet that Captive
Collection Highlights — Pile Carpet (fragment) — The State Hermitage Museum
Tony Sidney — History of the Pazaryk Rug — Collectibles-Articles.com
Roman Civilization: CMS 206 /History 206 The Roman House — Bates College
Faculty of Arts & Letters — Images of Pompeii — The University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Sharon J. Huntington — A not-so-boring history of flooring — The Christian Science Monitor, May 18, 2004
Durant, Will (1944). Caesar and Christ : a history of Roman civilization and of Christianity from their beginnings to A.D. 325. New York: Simon & Schuster, 749.
Melanie Wright — Just write me a ‘sakk’.. — The Sunday Mirror, February 23, 2009
The British Library
The Silk Road Foundation Website
The Franklin Institute Online
Globus cruciger — Wikipedia, accessed September 9, 2009
Myth of the Flat Earth — Wikipedia, accessed December 27, 2010
Flat Earth/ Middle Ages — Wikipedia
Immanuel Velikovsky — Aristarchus — The Immanuel Velikovsky Archive
J J O’Connor and E F Robertson — Aryabhata the Elder — The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, November, 2000
William J. Gongol — The Aryabhatiya: Foundations of Indian Mathematics — University of Northern Iowa, December 14, 2003
Youssef M. Ibrahim — Muslim Edicts Take on New Force — New York Times, February 12, 1995
Iraqi Researcher Defies Scientific Axioms: The Earth Is Flat and Much Larger than the Sun (Which Is Also Flat) — MEMRI TV, Video No. 1684, Al-Fayhaa TV (Iraq) — October 31, 2007
Saltpetre definition — The Mondofacto Online Medical Dictionary
Technology of the Song Dynasty/ Gunpowder warfare — Wikipedia
Cliff Lethbridge — History of Rocketry/ Ancient Times Through the 17th Century — Spaceline
Karen Polinger Foster — Gardens of Eden: Exotic Flora and Fauna in the Ancient Near East — Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Yale University
Suzhou gardens — China Internet Information Center, May 19, 2004
Domestic garden — GardenVisit